Installing Poetry​

Install Poetry using pip. (It's also a good idea to upgrade pip at the same time.)

python -m pip install --upgrade pip
pip install poetry

Creating a Python Project with Poetry​

1. Creating a New Python Project​

To create a new Python project, run poetry new. A Python project template will be generated.

poetry new xxxxxxxx

2. Existing Python Project​

If you already have a Python project, run poetry init to add the necessary configuration files for Poetry.

poetry init

Entering the Poetry Virtual Environment​

Run poetry shell to start a shell in the Poetry virtual environment. You can use the packages added using Poetry.

poetry shell

Adding Packages to Poetry​

You can add dependency packages using poetry add.

poetry add xxxxxxxx

Other Commonly Used Commands​

• poetry list: Displays a list of commands.
• poetry build: Creates packages (.tar.gz, .whl).
• poetry install: Installs dependency packages.
• poetry publish: Publishes created packages to PyPI, etc.
• poetry search: Searches for packages.
• poetry run: Executes commands in the Poetry environment.
• poetry show: Displays available packages.
• poetry update: Executes dependency package updates.

While Twitter and Instagram are major platforms for information dissemination, they are limited by terms of service and regulations, restricting freedom of expression. Returning to a personal website is a viable option. This site is user-friendly as it does not utilize W○X and therefore lacks advertising or promotion.

Design Aspects​

This site is built using the Jekyll framework, and all themes are custom-made. Here, "theme" refers to font sizes, site structure, margins, etc. It also supports responsive design (adapting to various devices like smartphones and PCs) and dark mode. Although it appears simple, the CSS alone amounts to 13.5 KiB. There's a reason for this. A common pitfall in presentations by those unfamiliar with design is the overuse of accent colors, rainbow gradients, or small margins, resulting in a gaudy design. In other words, poorly executed design can actually make things look worse. Therefore, using accent colors sparingly and setting appropriate margins is beneficial. The result of these meticulous efforts is the large amount of CSS. If anyone finds this homepage gaudy, please share your opinion. Personally, I believe a website with a simple design and no unnecessary animations is the best.

Homepage Design​

This homepage is built with Jekyll. Jekyll simplifies web page creation by allowing you to write HTML templates and combine them with Markdown content. Typically, creating web pages would require writing HTML for each one, and modifying them would involve changing each page individually, which is cumbersome. However, using Jekyll makes modifications easier.

Deployment to GitHub Pages​

This site utilizes GitHub Pages. GitHub Pages allows you to publish web pages for free and even set up a custom domain. However, the free tier has limitations, such as only allowing Pages for public repositories. For Jekyll deployment, GitHub Actions are used to generate the web page whenever a push is made. While Jekyll can be configured to generate pages on every push, workflows enable the use of plugins.

Required Technologies​

The technologies necessary to create such a personal site are:

• Jekyll
• HTML
• CSS / Sass
• GitHub
• JavaScript / TypeScript (not essential)

Considering that creating a personal site alone equips you with these skills, I recommend that programming beginners start by creating a personal site.

Functions used​

• byte[] Encoding.UTF8.GetBytes(string) Converts a string to a byte[]
• MD5 MD5.Create() Creates an MD5 instance
• byte[] md5.ComputeHash(byte[]) Generates an MD5 hash from a byte[]

Example​

string str2MD5(string src)
{
   byte[] srcBytes = Encoding.UTF8.GetBytes(src);
   string MD5src;
   using (MD5 md5 = MD5.Create())
   {
       byte[] MD5srcBytes = md5.ComputeHash(srcBytes);
       StringBuilder sb = new();
       for (int i = 0; i < MD5srcBytes.Length; i++)
           sb.Append(MD5srcBytes[i].ToString("x2"));
       MD5src = sb.ToString();
   }
   return MD5src;
}

• Thread: A single execution unit.
• Block: A group of threads (arranged in 3D).
• Grid: A group of blocks (arranged in 3D).

There are limits to the number of threads, blocks, and grids, which can be obtained using the deviceQuery command.

On RTX3080 with CUDA 11.8, the following were:

Maximum number of threads per block:           1024
Max dimension size of a thread block (x,y,z): (1024, 1024, 64)
Max dimension size of a grid size   (x,y,z): (2147483647, 65535, 65535)

In this case:

• The maximum number of threads per block is 1024.
• The block shape must fit within (1024, 1024, 64). That is, if the block shape is (a, b, c), then the following conditions must be met: $abc \leq 1024$ and $a \leq 1024$ and $b \leq 1024$ and $c \leq 64$.
• The grid shape must fit within (2147483647, 65535, 65535). That is, if the grid shape is (d, e, f), then the following conditions must be met: $def \leq 2147483647 \times 65535 \times 65535$ and $d \leq 2147483647$ and $e \leq 65535$ and $f \leq 65535$.

The type used to define grid and block shapes is dim3.

Example Usage

#include <stdio.h>

__global__ void func1(){
   printf("%d, %d, %d\n", threadIdx.x, threadIdx.y, threadIdx.z);
}

__global__ void func2(){
   int i = threadIdx.x + blockDim.x * threadIdx.y + blockDim.x * blockDim.y * threadIdx.z;
   printf("%d\n", i);
}

int main(){
   dim3 grid(1, 1, 1);
   dim3 block(4, 8, 32);

   func1<<<grid, block>>>();
   func2<<<grid, block>>>();
   cudaDeviceSynchronize();
}

Note: If the crate version is different, the functions will also be different.

Add the required crate​

Add the rand crate as a dependency.

cargo add rand

Example program to generate uniformly distributed random numbers​

use rand::Rng;

fn main(){
   let mut rng = rand::thread_rng();

   // Floating-point number
   let r: f64 = rng.gen_range(0.0..10000.0);
   println!("{}", r);

   // Integer
   let r: i32 = rng.gen_range(0..10000);
   println!("{}", r);
}

$ cargo run
   Finished dev [unoptimized + debuginfo] target(s) in 0.00s
    Running `target/debug/test`
9464.07133934519
9606

Example program to generate uniformly distributed random numbers​

use rand::Rng;

fn main(){
   let mut rng = rand::thread_rng();

   let r: f64 = rng.gen();
   println!("{}", r);
}

$ cargo run
  Compiling alg2opt v0.1.0 (/home/hikari/2-opt/alg2opt)
   Finished dev [unoptimized + debuginfo] target(s) in 0.26s
    Running `target/debug/test`
0.34703657185118175

Random numbers following a specified distribution​

use rand::Rng;
use rand::distributions::Uniform;

fn main(){
   let mut rng = rand::thread_rng();

   let r: f64 = rng.sample(Uniform::new(10.0, 15.0));
   println!("{}", r);
}

$ cargo run
  Compiling alg2opt v0.1.0 (/home/hikari/2-opt/alg2opt)
   Finished dev [unoptimized + debuginfo] target(s) in 0.26s
    Running `target/debug/test`
12.13344856630783

Reference​

https://docs.rs/rand/0.8.5/rand/trait.RnG.html [EOL]

I feel like I spend a lot of money on my PC environment, but I don't know exactly how much, so I'm summarizing it here.

PC Main Unit​

Total: 228,820 JPY

Comment: It's not as expensive as I thought (?). Since it's MicroATX, there's almost no expandability. I might have been better off buying ATX without being stingy, especially since I can't add more memory. I usually consume over 20 GiB of memory, so I might want more.

Peripherals​

Total: 133,246 JPY

Other​

Branches (git branch / git checkout)​

Switching Branches​

git checkout <branch_name>

Deleting Branches​

git branch -d <branch_name>

Creating an Empty Branch​

git checkout --orphan=<branch_name>
git reset --hard

Log​

Displaying the Log​

git log --decorate=full --graph --all

Going Back in Time​

# Find the commit ID
git log

git checkout <commit_id>

Going Back from the Past​

git checkout <branch_name>

Undoing Commits (git reset)​

git reset --soft @^

Arrays​

Example: [1, 2, 3]

Copying Arrays​

// Pass by reference
let a = [1, 2, 3]
let b = a
b[0] = -1
a // [-1, 2, 3]

// Copy
a = [1, 2, 3]
b = a.slice()
b[0] = -1
a // [1, 2, 3]
b // [-1, 2, 3]

Last Value​

let a = [1, 2, 3]
a.at(-1)

Slicing Arrays​

let a = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5]
a.slice(2) // [3, 4, 5]
// Note
a.slice(2, -1) // [3, 4]

Creating Number Sequences (so-called range)​

const range = (start, stop, step) =>
  Array.from({ length: (stop - start) / step + 1}, (_, i) => start + (i * step));

range(0, 10, 1) // [0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10]

for-of​

for(let c of ['a', 'b', 'c']){
  console.log(c)
}

a
b
c

map​

let a = [1, 2, 3].map(x => x ** 2)
// [2, 4, 6]

Array of Zeros​

Array.zeros = (n) => Array.from({ length: n}, () => 0);

Array.zeros(5) // [0, 0, 0, 0, 0]

Sum​

Array.prototype.sum = function(){ return this.reduce((prev, curr) => prev + curr, 0) }

[1, 2, 3, 4].sum() // 10

Mean​

Array.prototype.mean = function(){ return this.reduce((prev, curr) => prev + curr, 0) / this.length }

[1, 2, 3, 4].mean() // 2.5

Strings​

Example: "text"

Template Literals​

let a = 100
`${a / 10}` // "10"

Numbers​

Example: 1

Converting String to Number​

parseInt('100') // 100 
parseFloat('100.1') // 100.1

Formatting​

// 3 decimal places
(1.2).toFixed(3) // "1.200"

Dates​

let today = new Date

today.toDateString() // "Sat Jan 01 2022"
today.toISOString() // "2021-12-31T15:00:00.000Z"
today.toLocaleDateString() // "2022/1/1"
today.toLocaleString() // "2022/1/1 0:00:00" 
today.toLocaleTimeString() // "0:00:00"
today.toString() // "Sat Jan 01 2022 00:00:00 GMT+0900 (Japan Standard Time)"
today.toTimeString() // "00:00:00 GMT+0900 (Japan Standard Time)" 
today.toUTCString() // "Fri, 31 Dec 2021 15:00:00 GMT"

This is a translation of the Docker installation guide for Ubuntu.

[EOL]

1. Installing Docker Engine

   • Using Package Manager: This is the recommended method for most users.

     sudo apt-get update
     sudo apt-get install docker-ce docker-ce-cli containerd.io docker-compose-plugin
     

   • Using the Convenient Script: Docker provides a convenient script for quickly and non-interactively installing Docker in development environments. While not recommended for production, it can be useful for creating provisioning scripts tailored to your needs. Refer to the install using package repository instructions for installation steps using the repository. The script's source code is open source and available on the GitHub docker-install repository. Always review downloaded scripts before executing them.

     curl -fsSL https://get.docker.com -o get-docker.sh
     sudo sh get-docker.sh
     

   • Using Pre-release: Docker also provides a convenient script to install pre-releases of Docker on Linux, available at test.docker.com. This script configures the package manager to enable the "test" channel from which you can access early versions of new releases and test them in a non-production environment before they are released as stable.

     curl -fsSL https://test.docker.com -o test-docker.sh
     sudo sh test-docker.sh
     

   • Important: Before running the script, it's a good practice to preview the steps the script will execute by using the DRY_RUN=1 option.

     curl -fsSL https://get.docker.com -o get-docker.sh
     DRY_RUN=1 sh ./get-docker.sh
     

2. Post-Installation Steps

   • Non-root User Access: By default, users other than root cannot run Docker commands. To allow non-root users to run Docker, refer to the post-installation steps for Linux.
   • Rootless Mode: Docker can also be installed and run in rootless mode, which provides enhanced security. Refer to running the Docker daemon as a non-root user (rootless) for instructions.

3. Uninstalling Docker Engine

   • Uninstalling Packages:

     sudo apt-get purge docker-ce docker-ce-cli containerd.io docker-compose-plugin
     

   • Removing Images, Containers, and Volumes: The above command does not automatically remove images, containers, or volumes on the host. To remove all images, containers, and volumes, use the following commands:

     sudo rm -rf /var/lib/docker
     sudo rm -rf /var/lib/containerd
     

   • Manual Removal: Any manually created configuration files must be removed manually.

4. Next Steps

   • Post-installation steps for Linux
   • Developing with Docker