I have created and released a password manager called "Nanohana".

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Download​

Windows 10 / 11​

VOICEVOX is stated to be composed of an editor, an engine, and a core.

Reference: Overall Structure

It seems the editor is the application, the engine is an HTTP server, and the core is a module that performs speech synthesis processing.

This implies that the editor makes REST API calls (hereinafter referred to as API) to the engine.

So, this article will observe the content of that API.

Wireshark was used to capture the API traffic.

Communication on Startup​

Here are the results after filtering with http and tcp.port == 50021.

The following information appears to be read on startup:

• Version information /version
• Engine manifest information /engine_manifest
• Speaker information /speakers (character list like Zundamon)
• Singer information /singers (same as above)

After obtaining speaker/singer information, more detailed information for each character is retrieved (e.g., /speaker_info?speaker_uuid=xxx, /singer_info?speaker_uuid=xxx).

Communication during Speech Synthesis Request​

Now, I sent a speech synthesis request with Zundamon and peeked at the API.

It seems that audio is acquired in the following flow:

1. Accent information via /accent_phrases
2. Speech synthesis of Zundamon's voice via /synthesis?speaker=3

The request body sent in (2.) is similar to the response from (1.).

Therefore, the flow appears to be: get accents in (1.), then synthesize speech from those accents in (2.).

Actually Calling the API​

I used the httpie tool to call the API.

1. Get Speaker Information

It was found that Zundamon (Normal) has an ID of 3.

2. Get Accent Information

I tried to get accent information for ずんだもんなのだ (Zundamon nanoda). (Unlike speaker information, this is retrieved with a POST request.)

3. Speech Synthesis

Create a request body like the following:

{
  "accent_phrases": </data obtained from /accent_phrases>,
  "speedScale": 1,
  "pitchScale": 0,
  "intonationScale": 1,
  "volumeScale": 1,
  "prePhonemeLength": 0.1,
  "postPhonemeLength": 0.1,
  "outputSamplingRate": 24000,
  "outputStereo": false,
  "kana": ""
}

Since httpie cannot handle WAV files, I will send the request using PowerShell.

# Define URL and JSON data
$url = 'http://localhost:50021/synthesis?speaker=3'
$jsonBody = @"
{
  "accent_phrases": [
    {
      "moras": [
        {
          "text": "ズ",
          "consonant": "z",
          "consonant_length": 0.12722788751125336,
          "vowel": "u",
          "vowel_length": 0.11318323761224747,
          "pitch": 5.773037910461426
        },
        {
          "text": "ン",
          "consonant": null,
          "consonant_length": null,
          "vowel": "N",
          "vowel_length": 0.09306197613477707,
          "pitch": 6.108947277069092
        },
        {
          "text": "ダ",
          "consonant": "d",
          "consonant_length": 0.04249810427427292,
          "vowel": "a",
          "vowel_length": 0.09372275322675705,
          "pitch": 6.09743070602417
        },
        {
          "text": "モ",
          "consonant": "m",
          "consonant_length": 0.07012023776769638,
          "vowel": "o",
          "vowel_length": 0.1172478124499321,
          "pitch": 5.932623386383057
        },
        {
          "text": "ン",
          "consonant": null,
          "consonant_length": null,
          "vowel": "N",
          "vowel_length": 0.06496299058198929,
          "pitch": 5.745952129364014
        },
        {
          "text": "ナ",
          "consonant": "n",
          "consonant_length": 0.038462959229946136,
          "vowel": "a",
          "vowel_length": 0.08576127141714096,
          "pitch": 5.5794854164123535
        }
      ],
      "accent": 1,
      "pause_mora": null,
      "is_interrogative": false
    },
    {
      "moras": [
        {
          "text": "ノ",
          "consonant": "n",
          "consonant_length": 0.05504273623228073,
          "vowel": "o",
          "vowel_length": 0.0903041884303093,
          "pitch": 5.551316261291504
        },
        {
          "text": "ダ",
          "consonant": "d",
          "consonant_length": 0.05024997144937515,
          "vowel": "a",
          "vowel_length": 0.20450790226459503,
          "pitch": 5.633930206298828
        }
      ],
      "accent": 2,
      "pause_mora": null,
      "is_interrogative": false
    }
  ],
  "speedScale": 1,
  "pitchScale": 0,
  "intonationScale": 1,
  "volumeScale": 1,
  "prePhonemeLength": 0.1,
  "postPhonemeLength": 0.1,
  "outputSamplingRate": 24000,
  "outputStereo": false,
  "kana": ""
}
"@

# Create HTTP headers
$headers = @{
    'Content-Type' = 'application/json'
}

# Send POST request and get response
$response = Invoke-WebRequest -Uri $url -Method Post -Headers $headers -Body $jsonBody -OutFile "output.wav"

# Open and play
start output.wav

VOICEVOX: Zundamon

That's all!

Overview​

Make the following ListBox (fluent-listbox and fluent-option) scrollable.

Listbox | Microsoft Learn

Solution​

Set overflow-y: auto; for fluent-listbox and flex-shrink: 0; for fluent-option.

Points​

Hexadecimal problems use binary.

Steps​

1. Convert the hexadecimal number to binary. 0.248₍₁₆₎ = 0.0010 0100 1000₍₂₎

2. Remove the decimal point. 0.0010 0100 1000₍₂₎ = 0.0010 0100 1000₍₂₎ × 0010 0000 0000₍₂₎ / 0010 0000 0000₍₂₎ = 0100 1001₍₂₎ / 0010 0000 0000₍₂₎

3. Convert the binary number to decimal. 0100 1001₍₂₎ / 0010 0000 0000₍₂₎ = (64 + 8 + 1) / 512 = 73 / 512

I'll introduce commonly used code examples with graphs.

Table of Contents​

• Creating Graphs
  • Single Graph
  • 2 x 3 Graphs
• Plotting Graphs
• Setting Titles
• Setting Axis Labels
  • Setting X-Axis Labels
  • Setting Y-Axis Labels
• Setting Graph Top and Bottom
• Setting Graph Left and Right
• Displaying Grid
• Setting Ticks
• Removing Ticks
• Setting Tick Colors
• Adjusting Graph Spacing
• Saving Images

Creating Graphs​

First, import the required libraries.

import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
import numpy as np

Single Graph​

fig, ax = plt.subplots()

2 x 3 Graphs​

fig, axs = plt.subplots(2, 3)

Plotting Graphs​

Plotting a parabola

x = np.linspace(-1, 1, 201)
y = x ** 2

fig, ax = plt.subplots()
ax.plot(x, y)

Plotting a parabola with points

fig, ax = plt.subplots()

x = np.linspace(-1, 1, 21)
y = x ** 2

ax.plot(x, y, 'o')

Setting color to orange

fig, ax = plt.subplots()

x = np.linspace(-1, 1, 21)
y = x ** 2

ax.plot(x, y, color="tab:orange")

Standard colors are as follows:

Setting line width to 4

fig, ax = plt.subplots()

x = np.linspace(-1, 1, 21)
y = x ** 2

ax.plot(x, y, lw=4)

Setting Titles​

Setting title to "Title"

fig, ax = plt.subplots()
ax.set_title("Title")

Setting Axis Labels​

Setting X-Axis Labels​

Setting x-axis label to "Time (s)"

fig, ax = plt.subplots()
ax.set_xlabel("Time (s)")

Setting Y-Axis Labels​

Setting y-axis label to "Distance (m)"

fig, ax = plt.subplots()
ax.set_ylabel("Distance (m)")

Setting Graph Top and Bottom​

Setting top to 100

fig, ax = plt.subplots()
ax.set_ylim(top=100)

Setting bottom to -100

fig, ax = plt.subplots()
ax.set_ylim(bottom=-100)

Setting top to 100 and bottom to -100

fig, ax = plt.subplots()
ax.set_ylim([-100, 100])

Setting Graph Left and Right​

Setting left to -100

fig, ax = plt.subplots()
ax.set_xlim(left=-100)

Setting right to 100

fig, ax = plt.subplots()
ax.set_xlim(right=100)

Setting left to -100 and right to 100

fig, ax = plt.subplots()
ax.set_xlim([-100, 100])

Displaying Grid​

fig, ax = plt.subplots()
ax.grid()

Displaying grid vertically only

fig, ax = plt.subplots()
ax.grid(axis="x")

Displaying grid horizontally only

fig, ax = plt.subplots()
ax.grid(axis="y")

Setting Ticks​

Setting x-axis ticks

fig, ax = plt.subplots()
xticks = range(6)
ax.set_xticks(xticks)

Setting x-axis ticks and tick labels

fig, ax = plt.subplots()
xticks = range(6)
ax.set_xticks(xticks, [f"{xtick}m" for xtick in xticks])

Setting y-axis ticks

fig, ax = plt.subplots()
yticks = [i * 20 for i in range(6)]
ax.set_yticks(yticks)

Setting y-axis ticks and tick labels

fig, ax = plt.subplots()
yticks = [i * 20 for i in range(6)]
ax.set_yticks(yticks, [f"{ytick}%" for ytick in yticks])

Removing Ticks​

Removing x-axis ticks

fig, ax = plt.subplots()
ax.tick_params(bottom=False)

Removing x-axis tick labels

fig, ax = plt.subplots()
ax.tick_params(labelbottom=False)

Removing y-axis ticks

fig, ax = plt.subplots()
ax.tick_params(left=False)

Removing y-axis tick labels

fig, ax = plt.subplots()
ax.tick_params(labelleft=False)

Setting Tick Colors​

Setting x-axis tick color to red

fig, ax = plt.subplots()
ax.tick_params(axis="x", color="tab:red")

Setting x-axis tick label color to red

fig, ax = plt.subplots()
ax.tick_params(axis="x", labelcolor="tab:red")

Setting y-axis tick color to red

fig, ax = plt.subplots()
ax.tick_params(axis="y", color="tab:red")

Setting y-axis tick label color to red

fig, ax = plt.subplots()
ax.tick_params(axis="y", labelcolor="tab:red")

Adjusting Graph Spacing​

Setting vertical spacing to 0.2 and horizontal spacing to 0.3

fig, ax = plt.subplots(3, 3)
fig.subplots_adjust(hspace=0.2, wspace=0.3)

Setting spacing to automatic

fig, ax = plt.subplots(3, 3)
fig.tight_layout()

Saving Images​

Saving as PNG

fig, ax = plt.subplots()
plt.savefig("graph.png")

Saving as SVG

fig, ax = plt.subplots()
plt.savefig("graph.svg")

Saving as PDF

fig, ax = plt.subplots()
plt.savefig("graph.pdf")

graph.pdf

Saving at 300 dpi

fig, ax = plt.subplots()
plt.savefig("graph300.png", dpi=300)

dotnet new​

Example​

dotnet new wpf

dotnet add​

Example​

dotnet add package Microsoft.Web.WebView2

dotnet remove​

Example​

dotnet remove package Microsoft.Web.WebView2

nmcli​

nmcli connection: Display all connections​

pi@raspberrypi:~ $ nmcli connection
NAME           UUID                                  TYPE      DEVICE
preconfigured  1b29633c-51a7-42a8-8357-a23ddbb791b9  wifi      wlan0
lo             37334688-5c87-47fc-87d3-8c4e31934dd2  loopback  lo
有線接続 1     0df9157e-b1a9-3026-9bd5-f05234e1cf4b  ethernet  --

nmcli device: Display devices and their states​

pi@raspberrypi:~ $ nmcli device
DEVICE         TYPE      STATE            CONNECTION
wlan0          wifi      接続済み         preconfigured
lo             loopback  接続済み (外部)  lo
p2p-dev-wlan0  wifi-p2p  切断済み         --
eth0           ethernet  利用不可         --

nmcli connection show ...: Display properties​

Run nmcli connection show <profile name> to display its properties.

pi@raspberrypi:~ $ nmcli connection show <プロファイル名>
connection.id:                          <プロファイル名>
connection.uuid:                        1b29633c-51a7-42a8-8357-a23ddbb791b9
connection.stable-id:                   --
connection.type:                        802-11-wireless
connection.interface-name:              --
connection.autoconnect:                 はい
connection.autoconnect-priority:        0
connection.autoconnect-retries:         -1 (default)
connection.multi-connect:               0 (default)
connection.auth-retries:                -1
connection.timestamp:                   1710955164
connection.read-only:                   いいえ
connection.permissions:                 --
connection.zone:                        --
connection.master:                      --
connection.slave-type:                  --
connection.autoconnect-slaves:          -1 (default)
connection.secondaries:                 --
connection.gateway-ping-timeout:        0
connection.metered:                     不明
connection.lldp:                        default
connection.mdns:                        -1 (default)
connection.llmnr:                       -1 (default)
connection.dns-over-tls:                -1 (default)
lines 1-24

Check IP address​

pi@raspberrypi:~ $ nmcli connection show <プロファイル名> | grep ipv4.addresses
ipv4.addresses:                         192.168.10.113/24

Set IP address​

In the example below, the IP address is set to 192.168.10.113 and the prefix length to 24.

sudo nmcli connection modify <プロファイル名> ipv4.addresses 192.168.10.113/24

Check DNS server​

pi@raspberrypi:~ $ nmcli connection show <プロファイル名> | grep ipv4.dns:
ipv4.dns:                               192.168.10.1

Set DNS server​

In the example below, the DNS server is set to 192.168.10.1.

sudo nmcli connection modify <プロファイル名> ipv4.dns 192.168.10.1

Disconnect a connection​

sudo nmcli connection down <プロファイル名>

Connect a connection​

sudo nmcli connection up <プロファイル名>

nmtui: Configure network connections with TUI​

sudo nmtui

This post introduces how to Japanese the Linux prompt.

1. Install Japanese Locale​

Next, if the Japanese locale does not exist, install it with the following command.

sudo apt update
sudo apt install language-pack-ja

2. Set the Locale​

Set the Japanese locale with the following command.

sudo update-locale LANG=ja_JP.UTF8

3. Restart the System​

Finally, restart the system. This will reflect the new locale settings.

sudo reboot

With the above steps, the Linux prompt will be Japanese.

This post explains how to localize the prompt on Raspberry Pi.

1. Setting the locale​

Set the Japanese locale. Execute the following commands:

1. Check the box as shown with a space and OK.
2. Select ja_JP.UTF-8 and OK.

sudo dpkg-reconfigure locales

# [*] ja_JP.UTF-8 UTF-8

2. Reboot​

Reboot the system.

sudo reboot

That's all.

Install Dependencies​

Reference: Home · pyenv/pyenv Wiki

sudo apt update
sudo apt install build-essential libssl-dev zlib1g-dev \
   libbz2-dev libreadline-dev libsqlite3-dev curl \
   libncursesw5-dev xz-utils tk-dev libxml2-dev libxmlsec1-dev libffi-dev lbmzma-dev

Install pyenv​

Reference: [pyenv/pyenv-installer: This tool is used to install pyenv and friends.] (https://github.com/pyenv/pyenv-installer?tab=readme-ov-file)

curl https://pyenv.run | bash

Add initialization script to ~/.bashrc​

# Open ~/.bashrc
code ~/.bashrc

Add the following:

export PYENV_ROOT="$HOME/.pyenv"
[[ -d $PYENV_ROOT/bin ]] && export PATH="$PYENV_ROOT/bin:$PATH"
eval "$(pyenv init -)"

eval "$(pyenv virtualenv-init -)"

Install Python​

Display a list of installable versions​

pyenv install -l

Install Python​

Install Python 3.12.2.

pyenv install 3.12.2

Set the Python version​

Set the default version to Python 3.12.2.

pyenv global 3.12.2

python -V # Python 3.12.2